The following white papers are available for informational purposes and stimulate discussion around very important subjects. The positions taken in these papers are those of the authors and do not represent positions of the Health Resources and Services Administration, which oversees the federal OPTN contract.  They have not been adopted as OPTN policy. These white papers are intended for use by students working on papers, debate materials or speeches, journalists researching stories and those interested in the complexities of medical/bioethics in an age of readily available transplants coupled with donor organ shortages.